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Brain and Nervous System—Anatomy

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)- Hypothalamus as Sympathetic Output Driver and Horners Syndrome

Overview of the Cranial Nerves VII—XII and Their Functional Components

Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)- Output and Thoracolumbar Outflow

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater

Structures and Functions of the Cranial Meninges

Arterial Supply and Nerve Supply of Dura Mater

Subarachnoid Space, Epidural Space and Subdural Space

Overview of the Limbic System- Functions, Structures and Components

Clinical Correlations- Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS), Klüver–Bucy Syndrome and Alzheimer´s Disease

Cerebral Cortex

Lobes and Sulci of the Cerebral Cortex

Circle of Willis and Saccular Aneurysm

Anterior and Posterior Arteries of the Cerebral Cortex

Components and Structure of the Diencephalon

Hypothalamus- Components and Functions

Visual Pathways

Lesions of the Visual Pathway

Primary Visual Cortex

Eyeball and Retina

Clinical Correlations- Parkinson’s Disease

Structures and Intrinsic Connections of the Basal Ganglia

Direct and Indirect Basal Ganglia Pathway

Clinical Correlations- Huntington’s Disease

Functions of the Cerebellum, Lobes and Hemispheres

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei and Connections of Functional Divisions

Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum

Vestibulo—Ocular Reflex (VOR)

Auditory System and Vestibular System

Anatomy of the Ear esp. Ossicles

Hearing Tests- Rinne Test and Weber Test

Sensory Receptors of the Vestibular System

Vestibular Nuclei

Auditory Nuclei, Auditory Pathway and Otosclerosis

Caloric Test and Control of Horizontal Gaze

Vestibular Disorders- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Vertigo and Ménière’s Disease

12 Cranial Nerves and Their Functions

Cranial Nerve I- Olfactory Nerve

Cranial Nerve II- Optic Nerve

Cranial Nerve III- Oculomotor Nerve

Cranial Nerve IV- Trochlear Nerve

Cranial Nerve VI- Abducens Nerve

Cranial Nerve VII- Facial Nerve

Cranial Nerve VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Cranial Nerve IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Cranial Nerve XI- Accessory Nerve

Cranial Nerve XII- Hypoglossal Nerve

Cranial Nerve V- Trigeminal nerve

Cranial Nerve X-Vagus Nerve

Overview of the Cranial Nerves I—VI and Their Functional Components

Anterior View of the Brain Stem

Brain Stem Components- Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerve Nuclei

Posterior View of the Brain Stem

Arterial Supply of the Brain Stem

Brain Stem Lesions

Medial Medullary Syndrome

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

Medial Pontine Syndrome and Lateral Pontine Syndrome

Superior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome

Parinaud’s Syndrome and Weber’s Syndrome

Dural Venous Sinuses

Overview of the Dural Venous Sinuses

Major Dural Venous Sinuses

Cavernous Sinuses

Spinal Cord Segments and Spinal Nerves

Gray and White Matter of the Spinal Cord

Rexed Laminae and Spinal Cord Tracts

Descending Pathways- Corticospinal Tracts

Ascending Pathways- Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal (DCML) System

Ascending Pathways- Anterolateral System_Spinothalamic Tract

Lesions and Diseases of the Spinal Cord- Syringomyelia

Arterial Supply of the Spinal Cord

Pupillary Light Reflex

Lesions and Diseases of the Spinal Cord- Brown-Séquard Syndrome and Tabes Dorsalis

Ventricular System

Ventricular System- Ventricles and Communication

Choroid Plexus and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Hydrocephalus- Definition and Treatment

موضوع قبلی

موضوع بعدی

Brain Stem Components- Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata

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